文献综述-有资金约束的多报童模型研究.docVIP

报童问题与供应链金融 摘要 报童问题又称为报贩问题或单周期问题。经典报童问题是在随机需求条件下找出一个订购量，使期望利润最大。它假设，如果在销售季末还有存货，就会以一定的折扣卖掉或者处理掉；如果订购量小于需求量，那么报贩就会放弃一些利润；即需要建立模型来解决使期望利润最大化的订购量问题；报童问题的实质就是供需问题。报童问题在现实生活的应用十分广泛，随着产品生命周期越来越短，越来越多的学者和专家关注报童模型及其扩展模型，以及在此基础上研究的其它问题。其中资金约束问题是研究的重点，由于现实生活中企业内部的资源总是有限的，资金更是如此，由于资金的不足，供应链中的制造商（销售商）可能难以根据市场需求实现自身最优的生产量（订货量），从而导致产品生产的短缺，市场价格的波动等。因此，资金约束是供应链企业在进行决策时必须面对和考虑的因素。 关键词 报童问题，资金有限，库存决策，供应链金融 Newsvendor Problem And Supply Chain Finance XU Xiao-Yuan （School of Mathematics and Physics, Anhui Jianzhu University , Hefei 230601) Abstract The newsvendor problem is also called newsboy problem or single period problem. The classical newsvendor problem is to find an order quantity under the condition of stochastic demand. It is assumed that if at the end of the sales season and inventory, will be at a discount to sell or dispose of; if the quantity is less than the demand, then the seller will give up some profit; that is needed to build the model to solve the problem of order quantity to maximize the expected profit; the essence of newsvendor problem is supply and demand. The newsvendor problem is widely used in real life, as the product life cycle is shorter and shorter, more and more scholars and experts on the newsvendor model and its extended model, other problems and on the basis of the research. The financial problem is the focus of the study, due to internal enterprises in real life resources are always limited, money is even more so, because of the shortage of funds in the supply chain, the manufacturer (seller) may be difficult to achieve production according to the market demand, the optimal (orders), leading to a shortage of production and market the price fluctuation. Therefore, capital constraints are the factors that must be faced and considered by the supply chain enterprises in making decisions. Keywords Newsvendor Problem，Capital Constraints，Inventory Decision，Supply Chain Finance 1 引言 一个供应链中存在三种不同的流，即物流、资金流和信息流。在大部分供应链管理研究中，人们关注的主要是物流和信息流的优化和协调，包括供应链中库存、运输