作业讲评-（物理）.pptVIP

4-12热处理（退火）的实质是什么？它对材料的拉伸强度、硬度、尺寸稳定性、冲击强度和断裂伸长率有什么影响？ 结构弛豫 ，非晶至结晶转变 4-20玻璃的理论强度超过7000MPa。一块平板玻璃在60MPa弯曲张力下破坏。我们假定裂纹尖端为氧离子尺寸（即裂纹尖端曲率半径为氧离子半径，RO2-=0.14nm），问对应这种低应力断裂，相应的裂纹深度为多大？ σmax=σ0[1+2（a/ρ）0.5] = 2σf（a/ρ）0.5 7000=60[1+2（a/0.14）0.5] a=468nm，2a=936.5nm 括号中1省略则a=476nm 4-21某钢材的屈服强度为1100MPa,抗拉强度为1200MPa，断裂韧性（KIC）为90MPa·m1/2。（a）在一钢板上有2mm的边裂，在他产生屈服之前是否会先断裂？（b）在屈服发生之前，不产生断裂的可容许断裂缝的最大深度是多少？（假设几何因子Y等于1.1，试样的拉应力与边裂纹垂直） σ= KIC/Y（πa）0.5 =1032Mpa，先断裂 a=（KIC/Yσ）2/π =1.5mm 1100 1.76 1200 1.5 7.29 A cylindrical specimen of aluminum having a diameter of 12.8 mm and a gauge length of 50.800 mm is pulled in tension. Use the load–elongation characteristics tabulated below to complete problems a through f.? (a)?? Plot the data as engineering stress versus engineering strain. (b) Compute the modulus of elasticity. (c) Determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002. (d) Determine the tensile strength of this alloy. (e) What is the approximate ductility, in percent elongation? (f ) Compute the modulus of resilience. (a) A0=?d02/4 =3.14*12.82 mm2/4 = 128.6mm2 ?=F/A0 ?= ?l /l0 , l0 =50.8mm (b) E=slope=??/??=(?2-?1)/(?2-?1) =(57.0-0)MPa/(0.001-0)=57.0GPa ? 117.4MPa (d) 369.4MPa (e) %EL=[(l f - l 0)/ l 0 ]*100=[(59.182 – 50.8)/50.8 ]*100 =16.5 (f) U r =1/2 *?y*?y=0.5*117.4*106*0.002J/m3 =117400 J/m3 9.17 Some aircraft component is fabricated from an aluminum alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 35 MPa.m1/2. It has been determined that fracture results at a stress of 250 MPa when the maximum (or critical) internal crack length is 2.0 mm. For this same component and alloy, will fracture occur at a stress level of 325 Mpa when the maximum internal crack length is 1.0 mm? Why or why not? KIC=Y?(?a)1/2, Y= KIC /[?(?a)1/2]=(35 Mpa m 1/2 ) / [(250 Mpa) (3.14*0.0