(普通植物病理学)水稻病虫草害机械化防治技术 知识12.pptVIP

水稻病虫草害机械化防治技术及机具; ;引子;水稻病虫草害机械化综合防治的意义;病虫害发生面积为总播种面积的4倍左右， 防治面积是总播种面积的6倍左右， 通过防治挽回的粮食损失占粮食总产量的12～14％。据统计，我国每年的农药使用量在130万吨左右，江苏省的农药使用量在9-10万吨左右，机械植保面积在480万公顷左右。 田间最繁重的劳动——打药。;病害 Diseases: ;草害Weed ;水稻的不同生长期病虫草害的发生情况;水稻病虫草害防治方法 the main controlling methods ; 农业防治（cultural control）;化学防治（chemical control）;生物防治（biological control）;物理防治（physical control）;杂草防除（Weed control） ;水稻病虫草害防治方法 the main controlling methods ;二、施药方法与施药机械 ;化学防治主要施药方法The methods for sprinkling pesticide ;1.喷粉（Spraying powder） ;;优点：不需要水，适宜干旱地区农作物??? 虫害的防治。 It needn’t water and is fitting to control crop diseases, pests in drought areas. ;2. 喷雾 Spraying;;机动喷雾机田埂作业 operating in fields ;;优点：喷洒均匀，射程较远，受风的影 响小，用药量少。 The advantage of this method is that the insufflation is uniform,the cannon-shot is comparatively distant, wind affect little on it, and it needs little quantity of pesticide. 缺点：需大量的水作溶剂，耗用功率大。This method needs a large quantity of water as solvent, thus consuming much power. ;3. 弥雾 Sprinkling mist ;机动喷雾喷粉机进行弥雾作业;4. 超低量喷雾 Spraying mist in a Ultra-Low capacity ;;优点：雾滴的粘附性好，有利于药效的 发挥。 The advantage of this method is that the fogdrop’s glutinosity is good, thus contributing to exerting pesticide effect. 缺点：但是受风向、风力的影响较大。一般在封闭空间使用。 sprinkling pesticide is much affected by wind direction and wind power. ;水稻初期 常量喷雾 initial stages quantitative spray 水稻后期 大水量泼浇 evening stages sprinkle large quantity of water ;2．化学防治主要施药机具 The main implements of sprinkling pesticide for chemical control ;手动喷雾器Manual sprayer ;背负式喷雾器knapsack sprayer 压缩式喷雾器compression sprayer 单管式喷雾器 odd tube sprayer 踏板式喷雾器footplate sprayer ; 3WA-16型安全高效多功能背负式喷雾器 Model 3WA-16 Safe, High- efficiency and Multi- functions Knapsack Sprayer ;机动喷雾喷粉机Power sprayer-duster ;高效宽幅远射程机动喷雾机系列The series of power sprayers with high efficiency、wide scope and distant cannon-shot ;牵引式喷杆喷雾机作业状态;高效远射程机动喷雾机系列;便携式高效宽幅远射程机动喷雾机The convenient- carry