Chapter 1 Introduction 操作系统教材.pptVIP

Transition from User to Kernel Mode Timer Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources Set interrupt after specific period Operating system decrements counter When counter zero generate an interrupt Set up before scheduling process to regain control or terminate program that exceeds allotted time 1.* Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction What Operating Systems Do Computer-System Organization Computer-System Architecture Operating-System Structure Operating-System Operations Process Management Memory Management Storage Management Protection and Security Distributed Systems Special-Purpose Systems Computing Environments Objectives To provide a grand tour of the major operating systems components To provide coverage of basic computer system organization What is an Operating System? A program that manages the computer hardware. A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. Operating system goals: Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.---basic goal Make the computer system convenient to use. Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Computer System Structure Computer system can be divided into four components Hardware – provides basic computing resources CPU, memory, I/O devices Operating system Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games Users People, machines, other computers Operating System Definition (Cont.) No universally accepted definition “Everything a vendor ships when you order an operating system” is good approximation But varies wildly “The one program running at all times on the computer” is the kernel. Everything else is either a system program (ships with the operating system) or an application program Computer Startup boo