运筹学与供应链管理--第4讲.pptVIP

第４讲库存管理（II） Multi-Echelon Inventory in Supply Chain Two Stage Echelon Inventory Sequential stocking points with level demand Two-stage process Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: A little reflection shows that at least for the case of deterministic demand it never would make sense to have be anything but an integer multiple of . Therefore, we can think of two alternative decision variables and where (4.1) Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: The first stage cost The second stage cost The total cost Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: The warehouse echelon inventory is valued at while the retailer echelon inventory is valued at only Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: The total relevant (setup plus carrying) costs per unit time are given by = average value of the warehouse echelon inventory, in units = average value of the retailer echelon inventory, in units Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: Substituting from equation (4.1) and noting that the echelon stocks follow sawtooth patterns, Two Stage Echelon Inventory Select (an integer) and in order to minimize Partial derivation of TRC Two Stage Echelon Inventory Substitute the result into the cost equation We recognize that the n that minimizes the simpler expression Two Stage Echelon Inventory A convenient way is to first set which gives This solves for Two Stage Echelon Inventory Ascertain and where and are the two integers surrounding the Whichever gives the lower value of F is the appropriate n to use (because the F function is convex in n). Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: Step 1 Compute Step 2 Ascertain the two integer values, and , that surround . Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: Step 3 Two Stage Echelon Inventory Two-stage process: Step 4