曼昆经济学原理课件下宏观部分Chapter_23_一国收入的衡量01_.pdfVIP

第二十三章 一国收入的衡量 Measuring a Nation’s Income 1 微观经济学 Microeconomics 微观经济学研究个别的家庭和企业如何做 出决策，以及它们如何在市场上相互作用 Microeconomics is the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact with one another in markets. 2 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 宏观经济学研究作为一个整体的经济 Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. 其目标在于解释同时影响许多家庭、企业和市 场的经济变化 Its goal is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets at once. 3 宏观经济学 Macroeconomics 宏观经济学回答诸如以下的问题Macroeconomics answers questions like the following: 为什么平均收入某些国家高而另一些国家低 （经济增长） Why is average income high in some countries and low in others?(growth) 为什么物价在某些时期上升迅速而在其他时期更为稳定（通货膨胀） Why do prices rise rapidly in some time periods while they are more stable in others? (inflation) 为什么产出和就业在某些年份扩张而在其他年份收缩（经济周期） Why do production and employment expand in some years and contract in others?(business cycle) 4 经济的收入与支出 The Economy’s Income and Expenditure 当判断一个经济表现良好还是欠佳，自然 而然地要去观察经济当中每个人所获得的 收入的总和 When judging whether the economy is doing well or poorly, it is natural to look at the total income that everyone in the economy is earning. 5 经济的收入与支出 The Economy’s Income and Expenditure 对一个经济整体而言，收入必定等于支出 ，因为 For