急倾斜中厚煤层软底综采采场矿压规律及其控制分析-mine pressure law and control analysis of soft bottom comprehensive mining field in steeply inclined medium-thick coal seam.docx

摘要急倾斜煤层形成时，由于受地质构造运动的强烈挤压，煤层倾角变陡，断层及褶曲增多，节理及裂隙一般较发育，煤层赋存条件变化较大，因此在回采过程中经常发生顶板冒顶事故。如果底板为软岩，若支架支护阻力不到位，底板极易产生滑移破坏。加之，由于煤层倾角过大，支架的支撑能力较小，开采过程中必然导致支柱或液压支架的下滑和倾倒。本文以攀枝花煤业集团花山煤矿4155走向长壁急倾斜综采工作面为工程背景，通过理论分析、计算机数值模拟和现场实测等研究方法，研究了急倾斜软底采场矿压显现规律及控制技术。运用相关理论知识，研究了急倾斜煤层开采顶板岩层的运动规律和运动参数，运动参数包括：直接顶初次垮落步距，基本顶初次垮落步距和周期来压步距；建立急倾斜采场软岩底板模型，利用文克勒弹性地基模型对其进行力学分析，最终得出底板滑移临界力公式，并提出支架组最佳控架数为4~6架。通过数值模拟，研究比较了不同倾角煤层在不同时刻的三维综采采场的宏观力学行为，得出急倾斜综采面整体推进过程中，采场的走向应力分布特征、倾向应力分布特征、采场围岩的破坏形态分布和岩块移动特征。分析认为，随着煤层倾角的增加，煤壁前方应力集中系数和塑性区范围不断减小；倾向煤柱内应力集中区的范围亦越来越小；围岩破坏范围形状逐渐由类“马鞍”形向倾斜抛物线移动拱形态转变。通过现场实测，获得了急倾斜采场矿压显现规律；在获得急倾斜煤层开采矿压特征基础上，针对急倾斜采场易出现的灾害事故，提出了工作面顶板管理、巷道冒顶、液压支架防滑防倒及工作面安全防护控制技术。关键词：急倾斜采场；软岩底板；数值模拟；抛物线移动拱ABSTRACTBecauseofstrongcompressionwithtectonicmovements，theangleofcoalseambecomessteepened,faultandfoldincreases,jointsandcracksaregenerallymoredeveloped,andoccurrenceconditionsofcoalseamschangegreatlyduringtheformationofsteepseam.Andtheninminingprocessusuallyoccurredrooffall.Ifthefloorissoftrock,itiseasilytosliptodestroyedfloorwhenthesupportresistanceisnotinplace.Whatsmore,astheangleofcoalseamistoolarge,andthesupportbracketwithlesscapacity,itwillinevitablyleadpillarorhydraulicsupporttodeclineanddumpingduringtheminingprocess.Thispapertakesthe4155ofthelongwallforlargeinclinedangleFully-MechanizedfaceoftheHuaShanCoalMineofPanZhiHuaminingindustrygroupastheprojectbackground.Throughtheoreticalanalysis,computersimulationandthesceneactualresearchtechniqueandsoon,studiedongroundpressurefeatureandsurroundingrockcontroltechnologyinthesteepseamminingwithsoftfloor.Usingrelevanttheoreticalknowledge,studylawsandparametersofroofstratamovementinsteepseam,suchasthefirstroofcavingspanoftheimmediateroof,firstroofcavingspanofmainroof,andperiodicweightingspanofmainroof;Buildingmodelofsoftfloorinsteepseammining,andusingWinklerelasticfoundationmodeltodomechanicalanalysisonit,eventuallyreceivethecriticalforceformulaoffloorslipping,andtheoptimalnumberofbracketsinbracketsetsis4~6.Throughnumericalsimulation,studyonmacro-mechanicalbeh