英汉翻译基础知识(5).ppt

第五讲理解与表达的基本准则 A Brief Summary Synthetic and Analytic: A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships. An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in order to express synthetic relations, rather than of inflected forms. * 页面 * Inflectional vs. Non-inflectional 1.He moved astonishingly fast. 2.He moved with astonishing rapidity. 3.His movements were astonishingly rapid. 4. His rapid movements astonished us. 5. His movements astonished us by their rapidity. 6. The rapidity of his movements was astonishing. 7. The rapidity with which he moved astonished us. 8. He astonished us by moving rapidly. 9. He astonished us by his rapid movements. 10. He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements. * 页面 * Word order: Flexible vs. Inflexible The inflection of a language has much to do with the position of words in the sentence. The less inflective a language, the more rigid the word order. What in the world do you mean? Come on, everybody! What a beautiful voice you have! A pair of black eyes might have done some execution had they been placed in a smoother face. Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr. Pickwick had disappeared. Such are the rewards that always crown virtue. By negation is meant the denial or absence of facts. Not a finger did I lay on him. * 页面 * The use of function words English function words include the articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, coordinators and subordinators, while Chinese functions words include particles, connectives and prepositions. They are students of our school. They are the students of our school. I have lived here for more than a year. I have lived here for more than one year. Please take a chair. He took the chair today. He took the chair of the committee. * 页面 * 1. 这回我可亲眼看见啦。 This time I’ve actually seen it for myself.