skja_26 Diffusion in Solids 材料科学基础（英文教材）.ppt

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Prof: Tian Min Bo Tel: E-mail: tmb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Department of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua University. Beijing 100084 Chapter Ⅵ Diffusion in Solids Lesson twenty-six §6.1 Introduction Ⅰ. Atom movement in solids mechanical movement thermal vibration (short-range migration) Thermal motion diffusion (long-range migration) evaporation solidification surface diffusion volume diffusion Ⅱ.Classification of diffusion in solids 1. According to : Steady state diffusion and Non-steady state diffusion Ⅲ.Significance: heat treatment , welding , sintering , corrosion Ⅳ.Content phenomenological theory microscopic theory §6.2 Fick’s Laws Ⅰ.Fick’s first law For binary, single-phase system 界面 x C2 C1 C2 C1，均为固定值 For 3 dimensional diffusion: Discussion: 1) It is an empirical rule 2) minus sign 3) D-material constant. 4) dimension Ⅱ.Fick’s second law ?x x x+?x x Jx Jx+?x if D=const. → For 3 dimensional diffusion: 1. In Cartesian coordination system 2. For cylindrically symmetrical diffusion. 3. For spherical symmetrical diffusion. Relation between Fick’s first law and Fick’s second law For spherically symmetrically §6.3 Steady State Diffusion