skja_30 Diffusion in Solids 材料科学基础（英文教材）.ppt

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Prof: Tian Min Bo Tel: E-mail: tmb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Department of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua University. Beijing 100084 Lesson thirty §6.8 Diffusion Mechanism Ⅰ.Flicks law in microscopic form One dimensional diffusion. Γ: probability of atom jumping to nearest position : jump frequency period simple cubic: Two dimensional diffusion. Three dimensional diffusion. FCC( ): 1 2 For diffusion of interstitial atoms in BCC For tetrahedral interstitial For octahedral interstitial Interstitial mechanism to be effective for diffusion in interstitial sol.sol. Vacancy mechanism. Atoms jump directly in to nearby vacant site, being small. Different kind of atoms has different (chemical) affinity for vacancy. Ⅲ.Calculation of D P1: probability of atom acquiring additional §6.9 Empirical rule for diffusion Factors influencing diffusion Temperature and the diffusion coefficient D : The activation energy for diffusion of species under consideration. R : The gas constant T : The absolute temperature D0 : The pre-exponential term Composition Size Grain size, Defects Cold wording or irradiation Accelerate diffusion Up-hill diffusion may take place Structure: D in closed packed structures is smaller than in “open” structures. Diffusion is anisotropy in crystals other than cubic.