代词语法讲解.doc

代词语法讲解（一）代词概述 　　代词用来代替名词，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it的用法等。 　　（二）基本知识梳理 　　1. 人称代词：主格作主语，宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。 　　He often helps me. 　　Who is at the door? Its me. 　　The bicycle belongs to Tom and me. 　　出现并列主语或宾语时，其排列顺序为：单数时是第二、第三、第一人称（简称231）即you，he and I或you，her and me；复数时是第一、第二、第三人称（简称123）即we，you and they或us，you and them。 　　2. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语，后加名词；而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。如： This is my book. = This book is mine. 　　名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如： 　　Your pen is blue.??? Mine is blue,too. 　　May I use your pen???? Ive lost mine. 　　She is a classmate of his. 　　The bike is hers. 　　3. 反身代词：用作宾语和起强调作用。 　　1）作宾语 　　Help yourself to some cakes. 　　I can look at myself in the mirror. 　　They should think more of the public health than themselves. 　　2）作强调 　　We do homework by ourselves. 　　I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle. 　　4. 指示代词 　　1）this，that，these，those 　　Whats this(that)???? Its a book. 　　What are these(those)???? They are books. 　　this和these比较靠近，that和those稍远一点。 　　2）it的用法 　　（1）指物：Its a robot. 　　（2）指自然现象： Its raining now, but it will be fine soon. 　　（3）指时间：What time is it???? Its 8 oclock. 　　（4）指距离：Its twenty minutes walk. 　　（5）作形式主语：Its important for us to fight pollution. 　　It took me half an hour to finish the work. 　　Its kind of you to say so. 　　（6）作形式宾语： We think it necessary to relax from time to time. 　　5. 不定代词 　　1）some，any 　　some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。如： 　　There are some pens on the desk. 　　There arent any pens on the desk. 　　Are there any pens on the desk? 　　Some are Chinese.??? Others are English. 　　在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中，用some而不是用any。如： 　　Would you like some drink? 　　any也可以表示任何一个。如： 　　Do you know any of her friends? 　　If you have any questions, you can ask me. 　　2）复合不定代词：something， anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere这些不定代词都作单数，表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。 　　（1）作主语： 　　Someone is waiting for you. 　　No one is in the classroom. 　　（2）作宾语： 　　Have you got anything to say? 　　Did you