2013PhysiologyOfBacteria课件.pptVIP

Physiology of the Bacteria 2013年3月20日 1.1 Bacterial chemical components Water: 75%-90% Inorganic salt Protein: 50%-80% of dry weight according bacterial kinds and age. Sugar: mainly distributing in cell wall and capsule. Lipids: composed of lipid, fatty acid, wax, etc. Nucleic acid: RNA and DNA. 1.2 Physical character translucent body（半透明体） surface area（表面积） electric phenomenon（带电现象） Semipermeability（半透性） osmotic pressure（渗透压） Classification based on their source of carbon Autotrophs 自养菌 Heterotrophs 异养菌 : saprophytes 腐生菌 parasites 寄生菌 Generation time 代时： the time it takes for a population of bacteria to double in number many common bacteria ：20~30 min most common pathogens in the body： 5-10 hours 3. Growth requirements Nutrients Optimal pH Optimal Temperature Aeration Osmotic pressure 3.1 Nutrients 3.2 Optimal pH 3.3 Optimal Temperature Temperature Optima Differ for Different Bacteria Mesophiles: 10 to 40°C human body temperature pathogens opportunists pyschrophile close to freezing thermophile 25 to 110°C Thermus acquaticus, the source of Taq polymerase for PCR Bacterial growth: Oxygen Aerobes: growth at 21% oxygen Microaerophiles: growth at low oxygen concentration Facultative aerobes: can grow in presence and absence of oxygen Anaerobes: lack respiratory system Aerotolerant anaerobes Obligate anaerobes: cannot tolerate oxygen (lack of detoxification) Reason that obligate anaerobes con’t grow in free uxygen condition: 1) Lack of cytochrome and cytochromase Eh 300mv/120mv 2) lack of superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase , peroxidase.[O2－] H2O. 4.3 Role of metabolismin  Catabolism and Biochemical Reactions refers to chemical reactions that result in the breakdown of more complex organic molecules into simple substances, which can be used as mark to identify the class of the bacteria. Catabolism Culture medium Ⅰ. chemical composition Biochemical Reactions Sugar Fermentation