fpga英文.doc

FPGA and other programmable logic ICs FPGA is an integrated circuit that contains many (64 to over 10,000)identical logic cells that can be viewed as standard components.Each logic cell can independently take on any one of alimited set of personalities.The individual cells are interconnected by a matrix of wires and programmableswitches. A users design is implemented by specifying the simple logic function foreach cell and selectively closing the switches in the interconnect matrix.Complex designs are created bycombining these basic blocks to create the desired circuit.Field Programmable means that the FPGAs function is defined by a users program rather than by the manufacturer of the device.Depending on the particular device, the program is either burned inpermanently or semi-permanently as part of a board assembly process, or is loaded from an external memory each time the device is powered up. The FPGA has three major configurable elements: configurable logic blocks (CLBs), input/output blocks, and interconnects. The CLBs provide the functional elements for constructing users logic. The IOBs provide the interface between the package pins and internal signal lines. The programmable interconnect resources provide routing paths to connect the inputs and outputs of the CLBs and IOBs onto the appropriate networks. The Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide the benefits of custom CMOS VLSI, while avoiding the intial cost, time delay, and inherent risk of a conventional masked gate array. The FPGAs are customized by loading configuration data into the internal memory cells. Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are becoming a critical part of every system design. There are many different FPGAs with different architectures / processes. There are four main categories of FPGAs currently commerically available: symmetrical array, row-based, hierarchical PLD, and sea-of-gates. In all of these FPGAs the interconnections