《公共政策分析》双语课件01政策科学和 与政策回环.ppt

CHAPTER 1Policy Science and Policy Cycles 政策科学与政策回环 寻求新的理解 Students of politics search for new understandings of the relationship between governments and citizens. 理解政府与公民的相互关系 拉斯韦尔的期望 Pioneered by Harold Lasswell and others, policy science was expected to replace traditional political studies, integrating the study of political theory and political practice. 三 项 特 征 Multi-disciplinary Problem-solving Explicitly normative 四 种 传 统 政治决定政策 It argued that public policies vary according to the nature of a political system and its links with society. 政策决定政治 As Theodore Lowi put it, ultimately ‘policy may determine politics’ and not the other way around. Policy Sector 政策领域 The policy sector is an arena in which public policies are decided and implemented. Such arenas are conventionally bounded by substantive policy names – health care, welfare, manpower, natural resources and so on. These units are commonly held typifications that are part of the stock of knowledge held by politicians, bureaucrats, lobbyists, and others… The policy sector is a cluster or complex of organizations connected to each other by resource dependencies and distinguished from other clusters by breaks in the structure of resource dependencies. 理解政策领域 政策争议（issues） 相应知识（knowledge） 行为者（actors） 多层次（multi-levels） 展开过程（process / cycle / stages） Actor 行 为 者 政策领域研究十分强调政策行为者的作用 Understanding the activities and interactions of policy actors is a key facet of understanding the policy process. 不同类型的行为者集团 Subgovernments advocacy coalitions Policy networks Policy communities 行为者的约束条件：制度、话语、工具 Institution 制 度 行为者并非完全独立和自我决定的，他们受一系列环境条件的影响。 社会、国家与国际的制度安排影响到对问题怎样解释，哪些方案是可选的还是不可选的。 The context of societal,state, and international institutions condition how a problem is defined, facilitate the adoption of certain solutions to it,and prohibit or inhibit the choice of other solutions. Discourse 话 语 行为者在特定的文化观念氛围下看待自己面对的问题并做选择。 The set of ideas and beliefs or the ‘dis