国际支付和 与结算 01－Introduction.pptVIP

2. From direct payment made between traders to payment through a financial intermediary As mentioned above, initially, international trade payments were made by the buyers directly to the sellers by means of precious metal shipments. As foreign exchange banks were set up over time in different regions the world over, the payment channel changed, especially after a new means of payment, namely the bill of exchange, had been widely used in IPS. These banks acted as intermediaries effecting international payments by the buyers to the sellers. Evolution of IPS With the worldwide banking network and modern banking technicality, banks can not only provide easy and quick transfer of funds needed for conducting international trade but also furnish their customers valuable economic and credit information. Nowadays they have become the center of international settlements. 3. From payments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price terms In the past, international trade payments were settled on very simple price terms, such as cash on delivery, cash on shipment, cash with order, cash before shipment, etc. In modern international trade, a more comprehensive and exact set of terms has been developed. As indicated in INCOTERMS 2000 (International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms) ICC Publication, the price terms available for use are multifarious（各种各样） and more complicated than before. 13 terms Incoterms 2010, 11 terms EXW EX WORKS(…named place)工厂交货条件 FCA FREE CARRIER(… named place)交至承运人条件 FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP (… named port of shipment)船边交货条件 FOB FREE ON BOARD (… named port of shipment)装运港船上交货条件 CFR COST AND FREIGHT (… named port of destination)成本加运费条件 CIF COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (… named port of shipment)成本加运保费交货条件 CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO (… named port of shipment)运费付至——交货 CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO (… named port of shipment) 运保费付至——交货条件 DAT Delivered At Terminal (… named place)目的港交货条件 DAP (new delivery term) Delivered At