中国冰箱.pdf

Transformation of the refrigerator market in China Background China represents the largest refrigerator market in the world, but during the 1990s the average energy effi- ciency of refrigerators on the market was quite low. At that time a demonstration project funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency studied the refrigerator sector in China and identified a range of bar- riers to energy efficiency. The China Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project was formulated to address those bar- riers and to assist China in introducing a range of policy and regulatory measures that could be implemented to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of refrigerators, and at the same time mitigate the environmental impacts due to high electricity consumption. The project received Global Environment Facility grants totalling US$ 9,860,000, leveraged by over US$ 31 million in other funding. The project began in December 1999 and was expected to be completed in June 2006. From 1980 to 1995, residential power use rose from 3 to 12 per cent of total electricity consumption, growing at an annual rate of 16.3 per cent. This growth was driven by an explosive increase in household ap- pliance use, as household income was rising. Within the residential sector, it is estimated that refrigerators alone, found in 70 per cent of urban households in 1999, account for approximately half of all residential electricity consumption. In 1992, there were a total of 39 million refrigerators in service, an increase from only 4 million in 1985, representing an average annual growth of 38 per cent. According to a business as usual scenario, refrigerators produced in China over the next decade would require an additional 601 billion kWh of electricity over their expected lifetimes. This would necessitate an estimated increase in annual power genera- tion capacity of 5,700 MW, equivalent to an annual average of 60 million tons of additional CO emissions.