四语义辨析.ppt

名词 ;名词的一般用法 ★名词做定语 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * He has two pencil-boxes. * There are three banana trees over there. 2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all women workers.; 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop a parents meeting 4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。 *He is a fourteen-year-old boy. *This is a two-hour plan.;★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。 * Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。 *There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜;Brief Revision of Noun;;不可数名词(U) 一般情况下，不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不与不定冠词a(n)连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Milk is my favourite food. Water is very important to us all. 特殊情况： 1)如果不可数名词表示特指，则必须与定冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。 The milk in the cup was bad.; 2) 当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)。 a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news etc. a pair of glasses / shoes / trousers etc. two bottles of ink / milk /wine etc. 3)部分带有形容词修饰语的不可数名词可以用来表示“一种”,“一段”,“一类”等，常与不定冠词a(n)连用。 for a long time take a great interest live a hard life make a fire 下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。; ５)部分以-s结尾的专有名词指某一事物名称常用做单数。 The United States is made up of 50 states. The United Nations has sent an official there. 但是， The Olympic Games are held every four years. 2.可数名词： 个体名词 (worker,pen,dog etc.) 集体名词 (family,group,police etc.) 运用原则：适当的冠词＋[C]或[pl]形式。 A horse is a kind of animals. The horse is a kind of animals. Horses run faster than donkeys.;1. 可数名词的复数; watch lady fox fly brush tomato I inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-on;复数名词的构成方式： 名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读[s];浊辅音和元音后读[z]. desks dogs apples days 以-s , -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es[iz]. buses watches boxes