合成氨最后的设计.docVIP

摘 要 合成氨生产任务设计决定了生产合成氨的规模，设备的要求以及工艺流程的状况。本设计所采用的方法是半水煤气合成法，其主要原料是煤和氮气，利用煤来生成氢气，而本设计主要是对合成塔工段的设计，故所用原料直接采用氮气和氢气，其以合成塔为主要设备，在氨冷器、水冷器、气—气交换器、循环机、分离器、冷凝塔等辅助设备的作用下，以四氧化三铁为触媒，在485—500的高温条件下来制得氨气。第一步是造气，即制备含有氢、氮的原料气；第二步是净化，不论选择什么原料，用什么方法造气，都必须对原料气进行净化处理，以除去氢、氮以外的杂质；第三步是压缩和合成，将纯净的氢、氮混合压缩到高压，在铁催化剂与高温条件下合成为氨。目前氨合成的方法，由于采用的压力、温度和催化剂种类的不同，一般可分为低压法、中压法和高压法三种。 本设计要求要掌握合成塔的工作原理，生产的工艺路线，并能根据工艺指标进行操作计算。在工艺计算过程中，包含物料衡算，热量衡算及设备选型计算等在合成效率方面也有进一步研究。Abstract Ammonia production design determines the size of the production of synthetic ammonia, equipment requirements, as well as the status process. The design of the method used was semi-water gas synthesis, the main raw material is coal and nitrogen, the use of coal to generate hydrogen, while the design is a synthesis of the main section of the tower design, it is the direct use of raw materials used in nitrogen and hydrogen, its synthesis tower as the main equipment, in the ammonia cooler, water coolers, gas - gas exchange, recycling machines, separators, auxiliary equipment, such as condensation of the tower under the four iron oxide catalyst, in the high-temperature conditions of 485-500 ℃ obtained from ammonia. The first step is to build gas, Preparation that contains hydrogen, nitrogen gas; second step is purification, regardless of what materials, what methods of gas must be carried out on the feed gas purification to remove hydrogen and nitrogen impurities outside; third step is to compress and synthetic, will be pure hydrogen, nitrogen, mixed-compression to high pressure and high temperature in the iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis conditions. The current method of ammonia synthesis, the use of pressure, temperature and different types of catalyst, the general law can be divided into low-voltage, medium voltage and high-pressure method three. Design requirements of the tower to get the working principle of synthesis, the process of production line, and can operate in accordance with the calculation process indicators. Calculatio