多年生温带果树英文版7.pptVIP

Perennial Temperate Fruits David S. Seigler Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois 61801 USAseigler@/seigler Perennial temperate fruits - Outline Importance: fruits and nuts eaten in all cultures, large amounts Botanical What is a fruit? Pericarp (endo-, meso-, and exo-) see pg. 18-20, p. 53-57 What is a nut? Seeds, table p. 62, 70-74 Properties: Nutritive Fruits sugars vitamins, minerals oils (olive, avocado) Nuts sugars oils protein Reading CHAPTER 3 IN TEXT (p. 53) read pgs. 12-20 Introduction Contrast fruits with cereal grains and legumes Economics of cultivation Preservation drying cold storage jellies etc. Most important fruits Rosaceae Apples - pomes - see pp. 57-64 - 50% of all fruit production Prunus- drupes - plums (prunes), peaches, cherries, apricots Vitaceae grapes - berries Types of fruits “Fruit” means different things to different people. To botanists the term means a matured ovary along with its contents and any adhering accessory structures. Green beans, cucumbers and squash are fruits. Tomatoes and eggplants are fruits. Fruits usually include seeds. Parthenocarpic fruit Fruit and seed development can occur without fertilization. Fruit that develops without seed formation is parthenocarpic. Fruit of this type have been selected because they mature fruits spontaneously without fertilization. Fruits are often classified by the number of ovaries involved in their formation By the position of the ovary (superior or inferior) By whether the fruit is dry or fleshy at maturity By the way the fruit releases its seeds (dehiscence). Table 3-1, p. 54 GO OVER THIS TABLE (pg. 54) Simple fruits have seeds surrounded by three layers: Endocarp Mesocarp Exocarp FIG. 3-3, pg. 57. Simple fruits indehiscent or dehiscent. Dry fruits and their seeds usually dispersed by wind, water, or gravity. In grains or caryopses the seed coat is fused to the ovary wall. In some other fruits, p