基于连续覆盖城市消防站布局优化.docVIP

基于连续覆盖城市消防站布局优化 　　摘 要:随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,城市灾害风险日益加剧,城市已有消防站布局已不能满足消防安全需求。为了有效解决传统离散覆盖算法在选址问题的误差大的问题,通过把图的离散的节点边二元图结构替换为连续的网状空间结构,实现对道路网的连续覆盖。在优化选址过程中,引入模拟退火算法,并对退火流程加以改进。通过算例验证该选址方法,并对两种选址方法的指标进行对比分析。实例表明,基于连续覆盖的选址方法有较好表现,具有较强的实用性和合理性。 　　关键词:布局优化;模拟退火;选址;连续覆盖 中图分类号: F252;TP311 文献标志码:A 　　? 　　Continuous layout optimization of urban fire station 　　? 　　LU Hou?qing???*?, YUAN Hui, LIU Cheng 　　?( 　　Engineering Institute of Corps of Engineers, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing Jiangsu 210007, China 　　)? 　　Abstract: 　　With the rapid urbanization and industrialization, the risk of urban disasters increases and the layout of the city fire stations cannot meet fire safety requirements. In order to effectively overcome the traditional polygon coverage and edge coverage in the location problem of big error and low efficiency, the algorithm expanded the discrete (node?edge) graphic patterns as the continuous network structure to achieve the continuous coverage of road network. In the optimization of the selection process, this paper introduced the simulated annealing and improved the annealing process. A case has verified the selection method of location, and a comparative analysis of the coverage indicators of the location between discrete and continuous optimization was made. The result shows that the continuous optimization has better performance. It is of feasibility, generality and rationality and is a preferable method to resolve the site selection of the urban fire station properly. 　　?Key words: 　　layout optimization; simulated annealing; location; continuous coverage 　　? 　　 　　 　　 　　 　　0 引言? 　　目前我国城市公共消防设施建设滞后于城市发展,作为城市公共消防设施重要组成部分的消防站更是如此。大多城市均存在消防站数量少、布点稀、责任区面积过大等问题,造成消防扑救的时机延误。消防站的选址布局是消防救援能否及时赶赴???灾点的关键,如何在已有的不能满足消防需求的城市消防站设施的基础上增设消防站点,提高消防救援的时效性,减少灾害所造成的损失,是城市公共消防设施建设的重要任务之一。? 　　对于消防站的选址问题,国内外学者已从模型理论及相关算法等展开了若干研究。Helly??[1]?对城市系统模型进行了研究,把应急响应时间最小作为消防站选址的首要目标,建立了消防站选址的平面模型。Masood等??[2]?认为除考虑行车时间或行车距离外,还应考虑费用、政策、消防给水等因素,根据消防站选址所涉及的一系列