干细胞得研究.pptVIP

干细胞的研究 陈 朗 Definition 干细胞 (stem cell) 是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞。 Classification Embryonic Stem cell 胚胎干细胞 当受精卵分裂发育成囊胚时，内层细胞团（Inner Cell Mass）的细胞即为胚胎干细胞（Embryonic Stem cell, ES细胞）。 Derivation of ES cells Pluripotency of ES cells Adult stem cells 成体干细胞 成体干细胞是在成体组织内具有自我更新能力及能分化产生一种或一种以上子代组织细胞的未成熟细胞。 成年动物的许多组织和器官，比如表皮和造血系统，具有修复和再生的能力。成体干细胞在其中起着关键的作用。在特定条件下，成体干细胞或者产生新的干细胞，或者按一定的程序分化，形成新的功能细胞，从而使组织和器官保持生长和衰退的动态平衡。 How many kinds of adult stem cells exist, and in which tissues do they exist? What are the sources of adult stem cells in the body? Are they leftover embryonic stem cells, or do they arise in some other way? Why do they remain in an undifferentiated state when all the cells around them have differentiated? Do adult stem cells normally exhibit plasticity, or do they only transdifferentiate when scientists manipulate them experimentally? What are the signals that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells that demonstrate plasticity? Is it possible to manipulate adult stem cells to enhance their proliferation so that sufficient tissue for transplants can be produced? Does a single type of stem cell exist—possibly in the bone marrow or circulating in the blood—that can generate the cells of any organ or tissue? What are the factors that stimulate stem cells to relocate to sites of injury or damage? HSC (CD34posCD90pos) HSC（hemopoietic stem cell）是体内各种血细胞的唯一来源，主要存在于骨髓1/400 、外周血1/100000 、脐带血1/10000中。是治疗血液系统疾病、先天性遗传疾病以及多发性和转移性恶性肿瘤疾病的最有效方法。 Characteristics Characteristics 自我更新能力( self-renewing) 干细胞一旦形成，在机体终生都具有自我更新能力，它可通过不对称分裂进行自我更新和产生新的祖细胞。 Characteristics 高度增殖能力 高度增殖是干细胞的生物学特性之一。干细胞在体内高度扩增具有重大意义，如造血干细胞通过高速扩增，可补充由于细胞正常衰老死亡而丧失的血细胞。对机体正常功能的维持起着重要的作用。 Fate Remain quiescent Undergo apoptosis Undergo symmetric cell divisions to self-renew Undergo terminal differentiation Undergo asymmetric cell divisions to generate differentiated progeny as well as maintain a pool of stem cells Transit to another kind of stem cell or transdifferentiate