《大学物理》英文课件13 Gravitation教材课程.pptVIP

Gravitation Dr. Huaqiu Deng E-mail: hqdeng@scut.edu.cn The World and the Gravitational Force Gravitational force - holds bodies together, - keep everything on the surface of Earth, - holds the Moon in orbit around the Earth - holds the Earth in orbit around the Sun - holds together the billions and billions of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy and the countless molecules and dust particles between stars. We are located near the edge of this disk-shaped collection of stars and other matter 2.6x104 light-years(2.5x1020m )from the galactic center one light-year = 9.46x1015m Newton’s Law of Gravitation Gravitation – the tendency of bodies to move toward one another Newton’s Law of Gravitation: every particle attracts any other particle with a gravitational force of magnitude (1) A uniform spherical shell of matter attracts a particle that is outside the shell as if all the shell’s mass were concentrated at its center. (2) A uniform shell of matter exerts no net gravitational force on a particle located inside it. Shell Theorem Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition For particle system: For real object: Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface – Earth’s mass is not uniformly distributed g varies from region to region over the surface. Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface – Earth is not a sphere Earth - is not a perfect sphere - but an ellipsoid, flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator. - equatorial radius is 21km greater than its polar radius - g at the polar is greater than that at the equator North pole South pole Equator Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface – Earth is rotating Sample Problem Problem: (a) an astronaut whose height is 1.70m floats “feet down” in an orbiting space shuttle at distance r = 6.77x106m away from the center of Earth. What is the difference between the gravitational force at her feet and at her head? (b) if the astronaut is now “feet down” at the same orbital radius r = 6.77x106m abo