环境监测课件第3篇 章3.5水的感官物理性质.pptVIP

第三章 水质监测与分析 ; 内 容;一温度(temperature) ; 水温的测定对水体自净、水中的碳酸盐平衡、各 种碱度的计算和对水处理过程的运转控制都有重要 的意义。水的温度因水源不同而有很大差异。地下水 温度较稳定，一般为8～12℃左右。地表水的温度 随季节和气候的变化，大致范围为0～30℃左右。 生活污水水温通常为10～15℃。工业废水的温度因 工业类型、生产工艺的不同而差别较大。 ;温度的测量 ;臭和味强度等级 ;●味 ;四种味觉的代表物质;阈值法 ; 水温高时，臭或味比水温低时更重，故测定要在 一定温度下进行结果才有可比性。通常是将水温加 热至60±1℃或40±1℃测其臭或味的阈值。 一般情况下，检验臭或味阈值的人数至少5人， 最好10人或更多，取其所有阈值的几何均值，作为最 终报告结果。在检验过程中要避免外来气味的刺激。 将自来水或蒸馏水通过装有颗粒活性炭的柱子过 滤，即可制得无臭和无味的水。 ;三、颜色Color ; ;Methods of Determination ;(1) Standard Color Solutions ;Standard Color Solutions ;(2) Dilution Multiple Method ;Dilution Multiple Method ;(3)Spectrophotometric Means;四、浊度Turbidity ; Turbidity in water may be caused by a wide variety of suspended matter, such as clay, silt, finely divided organic and inorganic matter, soluble colored organic compounds, and other organisms.  Under flood conditions, great amounts of topsoil are washed to receiving streams. As the rivers pass through urban areas, the domestic and industrial wastewaters may be added. ;Standard Unit of Turbidity ;Standard Unit of Turbidity ;Method of Determination ;Method of Determination ;Application of Turbidity Data;Application of Turbidity Data ;五 Solids ; Dissolved Solids—The portion f solids that passes through a 0.45um filter. Undissolved Solids—Portion of solids retained by a 0.45um filter, also called total suspended solids. Volatile Solids—The portion of solids that could be oxide and volatile under 550 °C . It could represent the amount of organic solids in water. ; Fixed Solids—Residue left after ignition at 550 °C . Settleable Solids—Solids in suspension that will settle, under quiescent conditions, due to the influence of gravity, within a prescribed time frame. Done by setting in an imhoff cone for 1 hr. ; Total Solids—used in water supply; are of little value in the analysis of polluted waters and dome- stic wastewaters; was originally designed to evaluate the amount of polluting matter in w