《JEFF资料库》-公共管理-阅读练习-案例.pptVIP

Jeff The?genetically modified foods controversy?is a dispute over the use of food and other goods derived from?genetically modified crops?instead of from?conventional crops, and other uses of?genetic engineering?in food production. The dispute involves consumers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations, and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to?GMO food?are whether GM food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the objectivity of scientific research and publication, the effect of GM crops on health and the environment, the effect on pesticide resistance, the impact of GM crops for farmers, and the role of GM crops in feeding the world population. The starting point for assessing the safety of all GM food is to evaluate its?substantial equivalence?to the non-modified version. Further testing is then done on a case-by-case basis to ensure that concerns over potential toxicity and allergen city are addressed prior to a GM food being marketed. There is broad?scientific consensus?that food on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk than conventional food.?No reports of ill effects have been documented in the human population from GM food.?Although labeling of?genetically modified organism?(GMO) products in the marketplace is required in many countries, it is not required in the United States and no distinction between marketed GMO and non-GMO foods is recognized by the US FDA. Advocacy groups such as?Greenpeace,?The Non-GMO Project?and?Organic Consumers Association?say that risks of GM food have not been adequately identified and managed, and have questioned the objectivity of regulatory authorities. Opponents say that food derived from GMOs may be unsafe and propose it be banned, or at least labeled. They have expressed concerns about the objectivity of regulators and rigor of the regulatory process, about contamination of the non-GM food supply, about effects of GMOs on the environmen