从属连词notes.docVIP

从属连词 1．分类： 从句种类 主要从属连词 时间从句 when, while, as, before, after,until,till,whenever 条件从句 if, unless 目的从句 in order that, so that 结果从句 so…that, such…that, so that, so 原因从句 because, as, since 让步从句 although, though, even though(if), while 方式从句 as if, as though 地点从句 where, wherever 比较从句 than, as [说明]that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。 （1）.引导时间状语的从属连词基本用法: 1) when, while, as 都表示当……时,when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词,可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作；while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,侧重主从句动作同时发生；as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主从句动作同时发生,强调一边……一边。 eg.①When I came in, my father was cooking. ②I came in when/while my father was cooking. ③He sang as he walked. 注意： 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。2) until用法:当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都用肯定式,译为直到……为止;当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,即not…..until, 译为直到……才。 eg.①Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来。) ②Mr. Green didnt go to bed until his children came back. (格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉。) 特殊用法: （a）when : conj. (a) although 虽然; 然而;可是 eg.She claimed to be 18, when I know she’s only 16. (b)considering that 考虑到; 既然 eg. How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen? (c) 刚…就； 一…… 就 eg. He had just been in bed when the phone rang. (2) while : conj. (必须用于句首) although; in spite of the fact that… 虽然;尽管 eg.①While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. ②While they are my neighbours, I don’t know them well. (3) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。after与before可用作连词,又可作介词用。但是，在省略句中, after与before 须作介词用。表示被动时，介词之后不可用过去分词。 ①After being painted green, the house looked more beautiful. After painted green (╳),… ② Before being invited to the party, he had been looking forward to it. Before invited…(╳) (4)表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的: as soon as, th