金属铪的剧烈塑性变形研究.docxVIP

摘要近年来，体心立方晶体结构和面心立方晶体结构金属的塑性变形机制得到广泛而深入的研究，然而对密排六方晶体结构金属的变形机制却研究甚少。在常温下，金属铪的晶体结构通常为密排六方结构（HCP），铪（Hf），元素符号为（Hf），在元素周期表中的原子序数为72，铪的相对原子质量为178.49，自然条件下呈银灰色，带有金属光泽，是一种过渡金属元素，它与钛(Ti)、锆(Zr)、(Rf)同属于一个副族，排在元素周期表中的第四副族(ⅣB)。高压扭转是一种剧烈的塑性变形方法，在加载超高压强的同时对材料进行剪切变形，使材料晶粒大小由粗晶急剧细化到超细晶或者纳米晶。本实验利用高压扭转对金属铪进行变形处理，目的是观察金属铪在塑性变形过程中的结构演变，同时测量经变形后得到的超细晶或纳米晶材料的力学性能，进而研究其塑性变形机制以及结构与力学性能的关系。本研究应用了多种检测方式，使用显微维氏硬度测试（The Vickers Microhardness Test）对变形前后的实验样品进行力学性能演变分析，利用光学显微镜（OM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）对变形前后的试验样品进行物相及微观组织结构分析。关键词：密排六方结构；铪；高压扭转；剧烈塑性变形；纳米晶；超细晶。ABSTRACTIn recent years, the plastic deformation mechanism of body-centered cubic(BCC) and face-centered cubic(FCC) crystal structure metal materials have been widely and deeply studied, while less attention have been put on that of hexagonal closed-packed structure materials.Normally hafnium has ahexagonal close-packed crystalline structure, hafnium is achemical element with the symbol Hf , atomic number 72, and its relative atomic mass is 178.49. Besides hafnium is a lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal. It belongs to Group IV in the periodic table alongside the elements titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr) and Rutherfordium (Rf). High pressure torsion is a method of severe plastic deformation.Making shear deformation taking place in pilot sample while loading ultrahigh pressure. Then we canfind the coarse grain transform to superfine crystal or nanocrystal. This experiment achieving the deformation processing of metal hafniumby using high pressure torsion. Our purpose is to observe the structure evolution which happened in the material during the process of plastic deformation. On the same time, measuring the mechanical properties of thesuperfine crystal or nanocrystal materials. Then we can study the mechanism of plastic deformation of hafnium and the relationship between its microstructure and mechanicalproperties. During my study,a variety of detection methods are adopted. The Vickers Microhardness Test is used to analyze the me