二eia基本概念.pptVIP

* 1. 废物处置/危险废物处置 (包括医药  废物的掩埋和焚烧).2. 生活垃圾或者工业垃圾处理设施建设. (G) 废物处置类 第32页/共34页 * 土地利用和城市规划 大范围的旅游开发项目（投资大于5千万） (H) 城市发展和旅游 第33页/共34页 * 1. 位于环境敏感区的所有项目都需要做EIA. (I) 环境敏感区域 第34页/共34页 评论者，反对者，保护者 利益相关人，捐助者，参与者 * * Aspects of the environment: Physical: soil water resources, air quality Biological: fauna, flora, ecosystem Social: human health and welfare, culture, religion, and local values Or: Economical, social and eco-systemic * For example, an ecotourism activity might depend on water level in watering holes---but this environmental component is not in fact affected by your activity. 影响的来源、影响的程度、影响的效果 直接影响：由于人类活动的结果而对人类社会或其他环境的直接作用。与人类活动在时间上同时，空间上同地。 间接影响：由直接影响而诱发的其他后续结果。与人类活动在时间上推迟，空间上较远，但仍可预见。 累计影响：当一项活动与其他过去、现在及可以合理预见的将来的活动结合一起时，因影响的增加而产生的对环境的影响。 * * * Predicting impacts can involve Quantitative analysis (simulation models, statistical analysis, etc) It almost always involves qualitative analysis (professional judgment, intuitive reasoning, etc) * ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts for EIA. Visit * ——National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, (NEPA) EIA的目的 To “…encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment; to promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man; to enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and natural resources important to the Nation....” EIA讲座: EIA的基本概念 “为了实施可持续发展战略，预防因规划和建设项目实施后对环境造成不良影响，促进经济、社会和环境的协调发展” ——环境影响评价法，中国 第1页/共34页 * EIA讲座: EIA的基本概念 EIA的作用 Government planning and decision-making: “D-A-D” ---- “Decide, Announce, Defend” Role of NGOs, citizens: “Critics” “Objectors” “Protestors” Environmental conditions: Steadily deteriorating After introduction of EIA EIA Before introduction of EIA Government planning and decision-making: “D-D-D” ---- “Discuss, Decide, Deliver” Role of NGOs, citizens: “Stakeholders” “Contributors” “Participants” Environmen