How Did HIV Spread - Hepatitis Aids Research Trust：为什么HIV传播肝炎艾滋病研究基金.pptVIP

Early 1980s: 200 HCWs died each year HBV Late 1980s: HIV seroconversion rate 1: 2.5 seroconversion rate 1: post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) “remote risk” Case Study #2: Dentists 250 lowered further by US Supreme Court: School Board of Nassau County v. Arline “significant risk” “remote risk” 480 U.S. 273 (1987) Case Study #2: Dentists 524 U.S. 624 (1998) Bragdon v. Abbott Courts should defer to the reasoned judgement of public health officials, Case Study #2: Dentists US Supreme Court: not the unsupported judgment of a single dentist. ? 2002 - 2009 CITY OF LOS ANGELES * * * * * * Cities dirty needles, unsafe blood transfusions more sexual partners greater mobility How Did HIV Spread? How Did HIV Spread? Jet travel How Did HIV Spread? HIV spread silently around the world for fifty years 1930s 1981 How was the Epidemic Discovered? June 5, 1981 Five cases Los Angeles pneumocystis pneumonia 30 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 250 /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtmlhtm How was the Epidemic Discovered? = APB all points bulletin November 5, 1982 Just 17 months after the first LA cases Similar pattern: hepatitis B Possible cause: unidentified bloodborne agent 31 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report at 577 /mmwr/preview/index82.html How was the Epidemic Discovered? December 10, 1982 1 month later Infant: multiple blood transfusions developed AIDS Donor had developed AIDS 31 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report at 652 /mmwr/preview/index82.html How was the Epidemic Discovered? And six months later? How was the Epidemic Discovered? June 1983 French announce: New bloodborne pathogen How was the Epidemic Discovered? 2008 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Fran?oise Barré-Sinoussi Luc Montagnier How was the Epidemic Discovered? ARV HTLV-III LAV How was the Epidemic Discovered? HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus How was the Epidemic Discovered? June 1981 June 1983 24 months How was the