局部解剖学-解剖前言.ppt

Introduction If the compression force is excessive, a rupture of the disc occurs and the nucleus pulposus herniates partially or completely through the annulus fibrosus, to impinge on spinal nerves that emerge from the intervertebral foramen adjacent to the discs in this region. Such nerve compression causes a painful neuralgia (sciatica) down the back, the lateral side of leg and into the sole of foot. Leg Pain - Lumbar Disc Herniation with Spinal Nerve Impingement (Compression). Diagram shows the radiation of pain down the left leg resulting from a herniated intervertebral disc (disk). 1. Normal Anatomy from a superior view 2. Disc degeneration causing the annulus fibrosis to break down 3. Disc bulge with nucleus pulposus pushing the disc posteriorly 4. Disc herniation with complete tearing of the annulus allowing the nucleus pulposus to ooze out and put pressure on the spinal cord and nerve root L4-5 Disc Herniation with Laminotomy and Discectomy (Diskectomy) L4-5 Disc Herniation with Surgical Repair. This medical illustration pictures a herniated vertebral disc at L4-5 space impinging on the thecal sac and the cauda equina region of the spinal cord. The remaining images depict the incision, laminotomy, decompression of the nerve roots, and discectomy (diskectomy) Laminotomy/Microdiscectomy Spinal Surgery - L4-L5 and L5-L6 (Anomaly) Disc Herniations with Microdiscectomy Procedure. The three graphics show the surgical discectomy and decompression of the spinal nerve root Unit 1: Back → Back Lab ☆ 1. Dissection Photos Posterior view of the superficial back muscles. Tr=trapezius; La=latissimus dorsi; R=rhomboids; Inf=inferior angle of scapula; TLF=thoracolumbar fascia. The dotted line marks the medial border of the scapula. The deep surface of the trapezius. Trap=trapezius; Sp Ac=spinal accessory nerve; TC=transverse cervical artery (superficial branch); Spl=splenius; LS=levator scapulae; Rh=rhomboids; spine=spine of the scapula.