基于数学史的高中概率与统计的教学案例开发——以古典概型,几何概型,正态分布,最小二乘法为例-teaching case development of high school probability and statistics based on history of mathematics - taking classical probability, geometric probability, normal distribution a.docxVIP
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基于数学史的高中概率与统计的教学案例开发——以古典概型,几何概型,正态分布,最小二乘法为例-teaching case development of high school probability and statistics based on history of mathematics - taking classical probability, geometric probability, normal distribution a
学位论文使用授权书本论文作者完全了解学校关于保存、使用学位论文的管理办法及 规定,即学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和 电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅,接受社会监督。本人授权西北师范 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入学校有关数据库和收 录到《中国硕士学位论文全文数据库》进行信息服务,也可以采用影 印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存或汇编本学位论文。本论文提交口当年/口一年/口两年/口三年以后,同意发布。 若不选填则视为一年以后同意发布。 注:保密学位论文,在解密后适用于本授权书。明名:吻等摘要自 2000 年基础教育课程改革以来,概率与统计成为基础教育数学课程的重 要组成部分,但许多教师对概率统计的教学很不适应,有关概率统计的教学研究 成为近年来基础教育数学课程研究的热点。目前,一些数学史家、数学教育家投 入到数学史与数学教学整合的工作中,在此背景下,概率统计的相关史料与概率 统计教学的整合研究是十分必要的。通过文献研究法,梳理了古典概型中点数问题解决的历史,几何概型中布丰 投针、约会问题、贝朗特悖论解决的历史,棣莫弗、高斯两位数学家对正态分布 的贡献,勒让德、高斯两位数学家发现最小二乘法的历史;在此基础上,开发了 “古典概型”“几何概型”“正态分布”“最小二乘法”四个数学史与数学教学整 合的案例。在课堂上实施“古典概型”后,通过对学生练习的研究、学生访谈及教师访 谈结果的分析发现,多数学生对点数问题有一定的理解障碍,只有少数基础较好, 且对数学有很好兴趣的学生,尝试用分类,列举的方法解决,但思路并不是很清 晰;学生的解决过程重蹈了历史的覆辙;学生乐意接受这种案例教学法,称可以 为将来学习概率做铺垫准备,但不希望过多引入。教师对于这种案例教学法持赞 成态度,但建议要与所教授课程保持高度一致性,建议案例修改的更简洁会更实 用。关键词:高中;数学史;概率与统计;案例开发IABSTRACTSince 2000 the basic education curriculum reform, probability and statistics form the basis for an important part of education mathematics curriculum, but many teachers are not suited to the teaching of probability and statistics, probability and statistics related to teaching and research base in recent years has become a hot research education math curriculum. At present, some historians of mathematics, mathematics educators into the history of mathematics and mathematics teaching integration work, historical research related to the integration of teaching statistics and probability in this context, probability and statistics is essential.Through literature research, combing the classical probability points to solve historical problems, geometric Probability Model Buffoon needle cast, dating problem solving ,Bertrand paradox of history, De Movie, Gauss two mathematicians makes normality contribution distribution, Adrian Marie Legendry, Gauss discovered the history of the two mathematicians the Method of least squares ; on this basis, the development of a “classical probability model”, “geometric probability model”, “The Normal Distribution” , “The Method of Least Sq
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