帕金森病【PD】_PPT课件.ppt

Parkinson′s Disease ;Outline:; PART A: Summary of Parkinson′s disease 1. History ? 2. Epidemiology 3. Risk factors ? 4. Clinical features? 5. Neuropathology ? 6. Functional neuroanatomy 7. Neurochemistry ? 8. Therapy? 9. Diagnosis? 10. Summary ;History of Parkinson′s disease (PD) First described in 1817 by an English physician, James Parkinson, in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy.” The famous French neurologist, Charcot, further described the syndrome in the late 1800s.;History;Publishing on chemistry, paleontology and other diverse topics, he was, early in his career, a social activist championing the rights of the disenfranchised and poor. His efforts in this area were enough to result in his arrest and appearance before The Privy Council in London on at least one occasion. In collaboration with his son, who was a surgeon, he also offered the first description, in the English language, of a ruptured appendix. ;; Epidemiology of PD The most common movement disorder affecting 1-2 % of the general population over the age of 65 years. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer′s disease (AD).;Incidence of PD;Prevalence of PD;Epidemiology of PD; Risk factors of PD Age - the most important risk factor Positive family history Male gender Environmental exposure: Herbicide and pesticide exposure, metals (manganese, iron), well water, farming, rural residence, wood pulp mills; and steel alloy industries Race Life experiences (trauma, emotional stress, personality traits such as shyness and depressiveness)? An inverse correlation between cigarette smoking and caffeine intake in case-control studies.;Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease;Parkinson’s Disease;Clinical features of PD; Clinical features of PD Resting tremor: Most common first symptom, usually asymmetric and most evident in one hand with the arm at rest. Bradykinesia: Difficulty with daily activities such as writing, shaving, using a knife and fork, and openin