Classical Conditioning - FSU FacultyStaff Personal Page Web 经典条件反射- FSU facultystaff个人网页.ppt

Classical Conditioning Used to demonstrate how responses are acquired through classical conditioning Classical Conditioning Ideas of classical conditioning originate from old philosophical theories. However, it was the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov who elucidated classical conditioning. His work provided a basis for later behaviorists like John Watson. Pavlov’s Experiments Pavlov’s Experiments Acquisition Acquisition is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning in which an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus takes place. Acquisition Extinction When the US (food) does not follow the CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to decrease and eventually causes extinction. ACTIVITY Give each student a cup of powder, then choose some neutral stimulus to serve as a conditioned stimulus. The Cogans use the word “Pavlov.” Instruct your students to moisten the tip of their index finger and to watch for your signal (for example, you will raise your arm) to dip their finger into the powder and then put it into their mouth. Also inform them that from time to time you will say the words “test trial” instead of giving the signal; when they hear those words, they should not dip into the powder but close their eyes and concentrate on their experience. Present the CS and, after a small delay (0.5 to 1.5 seconds), give the signal for your students to dip into the lemonade powder. Repeat trials at 10- to 15-second intervals, with a test trial after every 10 conditioning trials. After each test trial ask for a show of hands of those who salivated. When all or most of the students have demonstrated conditioning, begin extinction using the same test-trial procedure (in which you state on successive trials, “Pavlov . . . test trial”). Extinction should be completed during the same class period. * Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Sovfoto Before conditioning, food (Unconditioned Stimulus, US) produces salivation (Unconditioned Response, UR). However, the to