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Integrated Rate Law:采用综合评分法
Integrated Rate Law Integrated Rate Law: Advantages of the Methodof Initial Rate: Advantages of the Integrated Rate Method: Common Uses of the Method of Initial Rates: Common Uses of the Method of Integrated Rate Laws: Concentration of D over Time * A reaction is followed for an extended period of time. Method of Initial Rates A reaction is followed for only the first few moments of the reaction. 1. Useful when a reaction is reversible. The reverse reaction won’t significantly contribute to the first few moments of the reaction. 2. Useful for very fast or very slow reactions. 1. Useful for moderate length reaction. 2. Doesn’t require multiple experiments to determine the order of the reaction. 1. To determine the order of the reaction. 2. Find the rate constant, k . 1. To determine the order of the reaction. 2. Find the rate constant, k . 3. To determine the concentration at a certain time. 4. To determine at what time a certain concentration will be reached. This is the raw data collected during the experiment Start your analysis by graphing [D] v. Time The data do not form a straight line. The R2 value only has one “9”. This reaction is NOT zero order! R2= 0.9737 Next, convert your raw data to natural logs and graph ln[D] v. time R2 = 1.0 The data DO form a straight line. The R2 value is 1.0. This reaction is first order. Normally, when you get a straight line you stop making graphs. For teaching purposes, let’s go ahead and look at the third kind of graph: 1/[D] v. time *
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