抗感染因子（英文PPT）Anti.ppt

Anti infective agents Chapters 37,38,39 41 Antibiotics: Definition Medications used to treat bacterial infections Ideally, before beginning antibiotic therapy, the suspected areas of infection should be cultured to identify the causative organism and potential antibiotic susceptibilities Antibiotics: Classes Sulfonamides Penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Macrolides Aminoglycosides Quinolones Antibiotic Therapy Empiric therapy: treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been reported or obtained Prophylactic therapy: treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery Antibiotic Therapy (cont’d) Therapeutic response Decrease in specific signs and symptoms of infection are noted (fever, elevated WBC, redness, inflammation, drainage, pain) Subtherapeutic response Signs and symptoms of infection do not improve Antibiotic Therapy (cont’d) Four common mechanisms of action Interference with cell wall synthesis Interference with protein synthesis Interference with DNA replication Acting as a metabolite to disrupt critical metabolic reactions inside the bacterial cell Actions of Antibiotics Bactericidal: kill bacteria Bacteriostatic: inhibit growth of susceptible bacteria, rather than killing them immediately; will eventually lead to bacterial death Antibiotics: Sulfonamides One of the first groups of antibiotics sulfadiazine Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) sulfisoxazole Sulfonamides: Mechanism of Action Bacteriostatic action Prevent synthesis of folic acid required for synthesis of purines and nucleic acid Do not affect human cells or certain bacteria—they can use preformed folic acid Sulfonamides: Indications Treatment of UTIs caused by susceptible strains of: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus Nocardiosis Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) Upper respiratory tract infections Other uses Sulfonamides:Combination Products trimethopri