0-绪论2015.4-7卓越班-医学基础IIPPT.ppt

* 绪论 （二）实验病理学experimental pathology 1. Animal experiment to replicate some models of human disease 复制动物模型 It is an important reference to human disease. * 绪论 Se-deficiency animal model * 绪论 2. Tissue and cell culture * 绪论 三、病理学的历史 ? 公元前4-5世纪…… 体液学说 古希腊 Hippocrates ? 18世纪（1761年）… …器官病理学 意大利 Margani 《论疾病的部位与原因》 ? 19世纪（1858年）…… 细胞病理学 德国病理学家 Virchow (魏尔啸） 《细胞病理学》, 具划时代意义 ? 20世纪60年代 …… 超微结构病理学 电镜及生物组织超薄切片技术 * 绪论 A famous painting about autopsy in 18 century * 绪论 * 绪论 Normal histology of the lung Bronchiole alveolus * 绪论 A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. * 绪论 The histopathological hallmark of the Lobar Pneumonia is the presence of neutrophils and fibrin within the alveolar spaces. * 绪论 * 绪论 临床 咳嗽 cough …… 呼吸困难dyspnea……. Pathology is foundation……. * 绪论 临床医疗 Pathology is one of the most important methods to diagnose disease in clinical practice. 医学科学研究 scientific research * 绪论 pathology lies at the core of medicine, and acts an important role in medicine. “Without the basis of pathology, the practice of medicine is only quackery.” Place of pathology “As is our pathology，so is our medicine” “病理学为医学之本” William Osler 1849-1919 * 绪论 How to study pathology? * 绪论 总论 普通病理学（general pathology） 各论 系统病理学（systemic pathology） 病理学的内容the content of pathology * 绪论 general pathology focuses on the fundamental cellular and tissue response to pathologic stimuli. 病理学总论：研究基本反应的普遍规律。 These responses are known as basic pathological changes. 基本病理变化 病毒性肝炎 viral hepatitis 病因 cause 实验室检查 investigations 机理（病变） mechanism 肝炎病毒 hepatitis virus SGPT 肝细胞损伤 injury of hepatocyte 心肌梗死 myocardial infarction 冠脉供血不足 obstrction of coronary artery SGOT 心肌细胞损伤 injury of myocardial cell 胰腺炎 pancreatitis 胆汁返流等 backstreaming of bile 血淀粉酶 hemodiastase 胰腺细胞损伤 injury of pancratic cell 损伤 疾病 * 绪论 general pathology Chapter 1 cell and tissue adaptation and injury Chap