细胞器与疾病PPT.ppt

The Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm Main functions: Supports large volume of the cytoplasm. Participates in large-scale movements associated with the changes in cell shape and cell motility. Provides machinery for organelle transport, chromasome segregation during mitosis, and cell division. Actin filaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments Major components of cytoskeleton The cytoskeletal filaments Common Features : Linear polymers of protein subunits Actin ( ~8 nm in diameter) Intermediate Filaments ( ~10 nm in diameter) Microtubules ( ~24 nm in diameter) Filaments are dynamic, i.e. they can assemble and disassemble Highly conserved Intermediate Filaments Intermediate filaments enable cells to withstand mechanical stress when cells are stretched. They can span the entire cytoplasm and are anchored to the plasma membrane. The Microtubule Cytoskeleton Also penetrates the entire volume of the cell Whereas actin fibers are concentrated at the periphery, most microtubules radiate from a central location in the cell Main functions: intracellular transport and mitosis Microtubules provide an organizational structure in an interphase cell and separate chromosomes in a dividing cell /external/Frank.Gibbons/spindle.html Microtubules Microtubules Provide Tracks for Transport Microtubules are long hollow cylinders made of tubulin Protofilaments are linear chains of tubulin dimers, a parallel bundle of 13 protofilaments forms a microtubule There are three kinds of tubulins, each with many subtypes: a-tubulin and b-tubulin form a/b tubulin dimers and represent the basic building block of microtubules g-tubulin is involved in more specialized processes, such as nucleation Microtubules have a GTP “cap” stabilizing the ends. Motor Proteins Motor proteins bind to microtubules and move by cycles of conformational changes using energy from ATP. One end of the protein can bind to specific cellular components. Actin is the