刑法中“非法占有目”新论.docVIP

刑法中“非法占有目”新论 　　摘要：基于占有学说的不同选择，占有的民刑涵义有所不同。刑法上占有概念以萨维尼学说为理论基础，认为占有心素是据为己有的意图。与民法上占有心素的要求，即仅支配、控制意图相比，刑法之所以强调据为己有的意图，目的在于增加行为对占有法益的侵害以达到值得科处刑罚的程度。由此，在认定非法占有目的的不同刑法学说中，排除权利者意思说无疑具有合理性。目前，司法推定作为认定非法占有目的的重要方法，建立在非法占有目的属于主观超过要素基础上，显现出一定的不合理性。强化被告人针对司法推定的证伪是消解司法推定存疑的完善方法。 　　关键词：占有；非法占有目的；主观超过要素；推定 　　中图分类号：DF611 文献标识码：A 文章编号：16744853（2012）04008807 　　New Theory of the Purpose of Illegal Possession in Criminal Law 　　ZHANG Guangyang 　　(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China) 　　Abstract:Based on different choices of possession doctrine,there are different meanings of civil and criminal possessions.In the field of criminal law,the concept of possession is built on the theory of Savigny and holds that the heart hormone of possession is the intention of the appropriation.Compared to the heart hormone of possession in the field of civil law which is the intention of domination,the criminal law has stressed the intention of the appropriation,whose purpose is to increase the infringement of legal interests of an act described in criminal law worthy of punishment.Thus,in different criminal doctrines to identified the purpose of illegal possession,the theory of removes obligee intention is definitely reasonable.Currently judicial presumption as an important method to identify purpose of illegal possession,which is built on the basis the purpose of illegal possession belong to over subjective factor,show a certain degree of irrationality.Strengthening the defendant for judicial presumed to be falsification is an perfect way to digest the judicial presumption doubt. 　　Key words:possession;the purpose of illegal possession;over subjective factor;presumption 　　非法占有目的是刑法中的一个重要概念，在大都数财产犯罪以及经济犯罪中，起着划定罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的功用。例如，在集资犯罪领域，通说认为非法吸收公众存款罪与集资诈骗罪二者区分的关键就在于行为人主观上是否具有非法占有目的。然而，实践中非法占有目的的这一犯罪个别化机能到底能够起多大作用取决于怎样理解和界定非法占有目的。对此，国内外刑法学界是颇有争议的。例如，有学者总结：“在大陆法系国家的刑法理论中，对非法占有目的有三种不同理解：一是排除权利者的意思说，认为非法占有目的，是指排除权利者行使所有权的内容，自己作为财物的所有者而行动的意思。二是利用处分意思说。认为非法占有目的，是指按财物经济的