毕业论文：冷库的维护管理及常见故障分析.docVIP

冷库的维护管理及常见故障分析 【内容提要】：在当今的船上，船舶制冷装置是冷藏船、液化气船、船舶伙食冷库、冷藏集装箱和船舶中央空调系统的核心设备。伴随着海运业迅速发展和制冷、空调装置的广泛使用，在制冷装置操作管理中正确分析、判断并迅速排除故障已成为轮机管理人员的重要职责。制冷装置各部件设计制造不妥，或操作管理不当均可能造成相关运动部件和自控元件频繁出现故障。故障一旦产生，船舶管理人员就应及时分析故障诱发因素，并快速、准确地找出故障源进而加以排除。因此，对船用制冷装置的故障诊断与处理对轮机员来说是一项具有挑战性的工作。此文分析了船舶制冷装置的常见故障，并从设计和管理两方面阐明了各种常见故障的诊断方法，并着重从船舶制冷操作管理角度提出了排除各种故障的相应的对策。 【关键词】：制冷装置；管理；故障分析；对策 【Abstract】：In todays on board, ship cooling device is a refrigeration ships, liquefied gas vessels, ship food cold storage, refrigerated containers and ship the core of central air-conditioning system equipment. Along with the rapid development of the maritime industry and refrigeration, air-conditioning device widely used in refrigeration equipment in proper operation and management analysis, troubleshooting to determine and quickly has become an important engine management functions. Refrigeration equipment design and manufacture of various components is wrong, or the operation may be caused by mismanagement related to moving parts and frequent failure of self-control components. Fault once, ship managers should be timely analysis of fault-induced factors, and quickly and accurately identify the fault source to be excluded. Therefore, marine refrigeration equipment fault diagnosis and treatment of the engineer is a challenging task. This article analyzes the common ship refrigeration device failure, and from the design and management of two common failures to clarify a variety of diagnostic methods and focus on operations management from the perspective of the ship refrigeration has removed all kinds of faults corresponding countermeasures. 【Keywords】: refrigeration equipment; management; failure analysis; countermeasures 引言 我们知道船舶制冷装置在船舶上有着广泛的应用，船舶航行的越远，需要携带的食品越多，储藏的时间也越长。可是鱼、肉和奶、豆等食品在常温下数日就会变质，气温越高变质的就越快。食物保存的方法有很多，如盐腌、熏腊、干制、射线处理以及真空包装等。但是唯有冷藏的方法既能抑制微生物在食品中繁殖，又能延缓蔬菜水果的成熟，却对食物品质和营养价值影响甚小，故为最常用。 所谓制冷，就是用人工的方法从被冷却对象中移出热量，使其温度降低到环境以下。机械制冷的方法主要有蒸发制冷、气体膨胀制冷和半导体制冷，其中蒸发制冷最为普遍。蒸发制冷是利用液体汽化时吸收汽化潜热的的原理来制冷，常用的蒸汽压缩机（简称压缩式）、吸收