六朝客居之所初探.pdfVIP

摘要 旅居之所是指满足行旅者食宿等需求的旅途暂居之所。六朝时期，旅居之所 出现了空前增长和繁荣的局面，其形式包括旅馆、离宫别馆、慈善馆舍、公署馆 舍等。在人口大流动大迁徙的六朝，这些旅居之所担负的职责和发挥的作用是不 容小觑的。它们是反映六朝社会民生百态的一面镜子，是六朝社会史研究的一个 重要窗口和视角。 笔者依据正史史料以及笔记小说等资料，在前人研究的基础之上，对六朝时 期上述几种主要形式的旅居之所进行了较为全面深入的研究解读。 旅馆是旅居之所的主体构成形式，包括驿馆传舍、使馆以及逆旅邸店等。它 们的设置经营即以接待为目的，其备膳供宿的设施较为完备。往来于邦国间的使 节被安置在特设的使馆里，于使者而言，使馆也是旅居之所。使馆特殊的政治色 彩决定了其较高的配备规格。离宫别馆部分则涉及帝王的离宫和公卿士大夫以及 豪富之家的别馆。这些馆舍大多并非所有者的常住之所，只是他们外出悠游休闲 的临时馆舍，所以尤其注重情趣意境的营造。慈善馆舍部分囊括了个人或国家设 置起来的孤独园等专门的慈善救济馆舍以及宗教馆舍，其目的在于为困顿流离的 百姓提供暂时的衣食安身之所。尽管其条件有限，但在动荡的六朝社会中它们却 发挥了重要的施助作用，展现了朝廷政府以及仁义之士对社会的责任和爱心。公 署馆舍也承担起了旅居之所的职能，流动人口有时就被安置在公廨学馆等场所。 通过对六朝旅居之所的研究和解读，笔者旨在为今人再现当时旅居之所的存 在及运营状况，从这一特殊角度，展现六朝的社会风貌，以期有助于我们更好地 了解当时社会的民生百态。 关键词：逆旅，离宫别馆，慈善馆舍，公署馆舍 Abstract Abstract Hotels for travelers’ short stay in the Six Dynasties period experienced unprecedented growth and prosperity. That was due to people’s large-scale migration at that time and other social factors. The main forms of hotels at that time consisted of regular hotels, palaces, charitable premises, government institutions, even brothels. They played an important role at that time. Based on the history records and reference from experts’ in this field, I tried my best to make a further study. The regular hotels were built for travelers’ stay, so they provided passers with good residential facilities and other necessary services. Ambassadors were placed in embassies where were furnished well because of the political reasons. Palaces were surrounded by enjoying environment for upper-class society’s pleasure when they went tripping. Charitable premises were shelters for the ill and the poor .They could get limited help for the moment there. Under some conditions, straying and migrating people turned to the government institutions for a stay. Brothels at that time were countless