数字逻辑精品教学资料（华南理工大学）3-logic gates and level.pptVIP

* xy+xz+yz LLLH LHHH Copyright ? 2007 Elsevier Copyright ? 2007 Elsevier 1-* Digital Logic Topic: Logic gates and Level 1-* Logic Gates Perform logic functions: inversion (NOT), AND, OR, NAND, NOR, etc. Single-input: NOT gate, buffer Two-input: AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR Multiple-input 1-* Truth Tables Provides a listing of every possible combination of values of binary inputs to a digital circuit and the corresponding outputs. Digital circuit inputs outputs x y x + y x . y x y x . y x + y 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 Example (2 inputs, 2 outputs): inputs outputs Truth table 1-* Single-Input Logic Gates 1-* Two-Input Logic Gates 1-* More Two-Input Logic Gates 1-* Multiple-Input Logic Gates 1-* Logic Levels Define discrete voltages to represent 1 and 0 For example, we could define: 0 to be ground or 0 volts 1 to be VDD or 5 volts But what if our gate produces, for example, 4.99 volts? Is that a 0 or a 1? What about 3.2 volts? 1-* Logic Levels Define a range of voltages to represent 1 and 0 Define different ranges for outputs and inputs to allow for noise in the system Noise is anything that degrades the signal For example, a gate (driver) could output a 5 volt signal but, because of losses in the wire and other noise, the signal could arrive at the receiver with a degraded value, for example, 4.5 volts 1-* Logic Levels 1-* Noise Margins NMH = VOH – VIH NML = VIL – VOL 1-* The Static Discipline Logic Family VDD VIL VIH VOL VOH TTL 5 (4.75 - 5.25) 0.8 2.0 0.4 2.4 CMOS 5 (4.5 - 6) 1.35 3.15 0.33 3.84 LVTTL 3.3 (3 - 3.6) 0.8 2.0 0.4 2.4 LVCMOS 3.3 (3 - 3.6) 0.9 1.8 0.36 2.7 1-* Logic Gates: The Inverter The Inverter A A A A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ground Vcc Top View of a TTL 74LS family 74LS04 Hex Inverter IC Package Truth table 1-* Logic Gates: The AND Gate A B A.B Truth table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Ground Vcc Top View of a TTL 74LS family 74LS08 Quad 2-input AND Gate IC Package The AND Gate 1-* L