代谢工程 英文原版PDF Chapter_3_-_Comprehensive_Models_for_Cellul.pdfVIP

C H A P T E R 3 Comprehensive Models for Cellular Reactions In the previous chapter, we reviewed the main metabolic pathways by which carbon-energy sources are catabolized for the production of free energy and carbon skeletons needed for metabolite synthesis and cell growth. To complete the picture of intermediary metabolism, the complex pathways of Chapter 2 need to be complemented with information about the stoi- chiometry, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the individual reactions. Ther- modynamics, a subject dealing primarily with issues of reaction and pathway feasibility, will be discussed at length in Chapter 14. Information on reaction kinetics, especially under in vivo conditions, is particularly hard to come by, yet such information is necessary for understanding the mechanisms of metabolic flux control, a central issue of metabolic engineering and, indeed, of this textbook. Stoichiometry is readily available for individual reactions from extensive studies conducted on intermediary metabolism. Extension of these reaction stoichiometries to metabolic pathways provides the basis for setting up energy and material balances, as well as accounting for interac- 81 82 Metabolic Engineering tions among coupled reactions and pathways. Pathway stoichiometry im- poses constraints that must be satisfied by cell cultivation measurements, raising issues of data consistency discussed in the next chapter. In this chapter we review methods by which the sum total of cellu