《china--milk》ppt课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * Maternal smoking has been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal death and intrauterine growth retardation, as a source of oxidant stress in pregnant women and in newborns exposed in utero Nicotine and carbon monoxide which both are components of cigarette may cross the placental barrier and cause pregnancy complications Nicotine may also pass into the breast milk of mothers who smoke during the postnatal period DiFranza JR, Pediatrics 2004 Cogswell ME,, Nutr 2003 Haustein KO, J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999 Human Milk is not only a package of essential nutrients but is the best kind of nutrition for term and preterm infants. Collaborators: Sara Perrone MD, PhD; Barbara Marzocchi BD Mariangela Longini BD; Patrizia Paffetti BD Antonello Rodriguez, BD; Proietti Fabrizio BD Antonio Ferrari CD; Maria C. Muraca, MD Cosetta Felici BD, Ph Thank You! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Strategies to minimize the risk of peroxidation and protect the baby from oxidative stress Goal: Promoting his antioxidant defenses Human milk has been considered as a package of essential nutrients (vitamins, minerals, essential aminoacids and fatty acids) and is commonly known as the best kind of nutrition for neonates and infants for the first six months of life. An increasing body of evidence documents the protective effects of breast milk against various infectious diseases in infants including: respiratory infections diarrhea otitis media, infections in premature infants Lonnerdal B. , Nutrition. 2000; Lawrence R.M. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care. 2007; In addition human milk has bioactive components that protect newborns from a hyperoxic challenge due to transition of life to an environment far richer in oxygen than intrauterine environment. Buonocore G. 2000, Buonocore g. 2002 Saugstad O.D. 2003; Friel J.K., Pediatr. Res. 2004;56:878–882. In addition to providing nutritional, gastrointestinal, immunol