History_and_Philosophy_of_Science__Cognitive_Systems_Laboratory科学史和哲学认知系统实验室.pptVIP

History_and_Philosophy_of_Science__Cognitive_Systems_Laboratory科学史和哲学认知系统实验室.ppt

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History_and_Philosophy_of_Science__Cognitive_Systems_Laboratory科学史和哲学认知系统实验室

History and Philosophy of Science Lecture 2 * History and Philosophy of Science theories of explanation and scientific knowledge; views of discovery and justification in the sciences; perspectives on scientific progress and the distinction between normal and revolutionary science; narratives that reflect actual scientific practice and needs; and case studies to inspire novel informatics capabilities. The history and philosophy of science can inform our research in science informatics by providing As a result, a foundation in history and philosophy can lead us toward general informatics solutions as opposed to systems that address ad hoc, problem-specific scenarios. * The Concerns of the Philosophy of Science the structure of scientific explanations; the form of scientific methodology; the methodology of scientific justification; the context of scientific discovery; and the nature of scientific progress. Philosophy of science is a broad discipline that investigates the concepts, activities, and interaction of scientists, including Although other topics also arise, the listed ones are the most relevant to science informatics. * Scientific Explanation Scientific explanations emphasize the reasons why an event happened rather than a description of the event itself. In practice, scientific explanations combine situation specific conditions with general principles expressed as logical sentences; mathematical equations; qualitative graphic or linguistic accounts; computer programs; and other forms. Much of this work began with Carl Hempel and Paul Oppenheim’s Studies in the Logic of Explanation from 1948. * Deductive-Nomological Explanation This view treats scientific explanations as deductive arguments where initial conditions and general laws imply observations. C1, C2, ..., Cm L1, L2, ..., Ln -------------------- E Statement of antecedent conditions Schema taken from Hempel and Oppenheim’s 1948 paper. Statement of general laws Description of the empirical phe

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