21世纪钢 毕业论文外文翻译.docx

英文原文Steel Bridges for the 21st CenturyJohn M. Kulicki, Ph.D., P. E.,Modjeski and Masters, Inc.A collaborative effort of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the United States Navy, and the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) has resulted in the development of new steel with great potential for use in highway bridge construction. Enhanced performance steel, also known as high-performance steel (HPS), may be defined as any steel with some properties improved over existing ASTM A709, Grades 345W, 485W or 690W, such as:·Originally, at least 485 MPa yield, although other strengths up to 985 MPa are under consideration. There has also been some discussion regarding the desirability of a lower strength HPS, e.g., HPS 345W. Bridge steels with yield strengths of 345, 485 and 690 MPa have been available for decades so it is clear that strength alone does not make a “high performance” steel;·Improved toughness for practical bridge environments, usually expressed as meeting “Zone 3 requirements, i.e., 47 Joules at -23°C;·Increased weldability, often described in terms of reduced preheat and interpass temperature requirements;·No detrimental changes to other important properties;·Weathering properties at least equal to the older Grade 485W.Stated more simply, HPS has improvements in one or more of the following properties:strength, weldability, ductility, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, fracture toughness, fabricability, or formability. The HPS currently available has a yield strength of 485 MPaand is produced through improvements in both chemistry and control of the cooling process.The FHWA recognized that research was necessary to consider structural forms which could capitalize on the improvements and properties anticipated as the new HPS was being developed, and to identify design and specification issues which would have to be addressed to utilize the new material. While the current material has a yield point of 485 MPa, consideration was given to