托福独立部作文笔记.docxVIP

独立部分作文笔记（原创）一．TWE 评分过程（1）不必在意的四件事——破除原有误解①不必在意英语和美语的差异；②不必在意口语与书面语的差异；③不必在意任何文化差异；④不必在意语言是否地道。（2）6 分评分标准Readers should focus on what the examinee does well.Scores6 Demonstrates clear competence in writing on both the rhetoricaland syntactic levels, though it may have occasional errors.A paper in this category––effectively addresses the writing task––is well organized and well developed––uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas––displays consistent facility in the use of language––demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice二．评分标准的分析?? 评分标准一：effectively addresses the writing task（1）简单说明文（Explanation）（I）Background Information，Thesis Statement——1 段（II）Supporting——2-3 段。例：21. In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay. Supporting：A、食物改善；B、技术进步；C、社会和经济环境的稳定。Topic Sentence：Among various factors that have made people live longer are A, B and C.①A is very important factor.粗粮、细粮，肉食，牛奶，水质（自来水、矿泉水）……②Equally important is B.医疗技术使很多过去的绝症轻易获得治疗，如百日咳，肺结核等。③Matching A and B is another essential factor, C.战争，社会动荡，经济动荡都会影响人们的寿命。??主题句的写法：①尽量不要只使用抽象名词；②尽量暗示文章将来结构，主题句写好了可以没有结论句；③主题句应该值得解释、值得证明。（2）对比、对照（Compare Contrast）（I）Background Information（II）Compare Contrast√ √√ A √√× Or A√B √× ×B × ×× √B×A ×（III）Topic Sentence / Conclusion（3）立论文（Argumentation）①本身有争议；③不能用right/wrong 来修饰，而是who is more reasonable.例：41. Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.立场：反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝动物。（I）Background Information（II）Supporting ×××（III）Rebuttal 驳证——选择一个对立立场辩驳（最重要的部分）beautiful？necessary？money？（IV）Topic Sentence??审题立论的注意事项：①以读者为导向；②想好了再写；③说服读者而不仅是表达；④顺序很重要；⑤结论不重要。?? 评分标准二：is well organized and well developed1、元素排列（1）二分法：①简单→复杂；②已知→未知；③次要→重要（说明说服为目的）。（2）逻辑关系：①并列；②递