托福语法O(官方指南).docxVIP

OG(官方指南)对托福写作在“语言运用”方面的要求是“appropriate word choices”和“a variety of sentence structures”，也就是“词汇能恰当传达意思就好，句式多样就好”。换句话说，托福写作在词汇和句式上没有任何“高大上”的要求。英语写作中最简单的句式共2种：一是“主(S.)+谓(V.)+宾(O.)”;二是“主(S.)+系(V.)+表(P.)”。前者为根本，在此称之为英语句式之“魂”。以公式表达的话，“魂”=“主+谓+宾”= N.(名词) + V.(动词) + N.(名词)，最少由3个单词组成。比如说，Jack plays basketball。但一篇300字以上的独立作文绝对不可能由100来句3个单词的句子构成。所以，我们要帮“魂”进行“增肥”，也就是给它加内容。那到底可以加哪些内容呢?在我认为，只须往里加4个词：名词(N.)、动词(V.)、形容词(Adj.)、副词(Adv.)。五种基本句型：S+Vi, S+V+O, S+V+0+C, S+V+Oi+Od, S+LV+PSubject=主语Verbal phrase=谓语Object=宾语 （Oi=间接宾语，Od=直接宾语）Complement=补语Predicative=表语S+Vi（主谓）Without gun, the suicide rate will go down.Female violence has risen dramatically in recent decades.S+V+O（主谓宾）Media violence affect children’s mental health.Frequent physical punishment contributes to a child’s later crimes.练习：由于他老师的推荐，他顺利地找到了一份好工作。He smoothly found a good job for his teacher’s recommendation.性格因人而异。Characters vary from person to person.不管发生什么事情，我们应该保持一个积极的生活态度而不是消极的心态。Whatever happens, we should maintain a positive attitude towards life instead of passive attitude.适当的休息和足够的睡眠有益于长寿。Proper rest and enough sleep contribute to longevity.S+V+0+C（主谓宾宾补）Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy.Educators call TV both a good and bad information source.Parents should encourage their kids to take part in more rewarding activities.练习：We guarantee you a warm welcome.我们保证对你热烈欢迎。These skills will make them more valuable employees in the future.这些技巧会帮助他们在未来成为更有价值的员工。All the critics considered the book a masterpiece.所有的评论家都认为这本书是一部杰作。We found him a very suitable person for the job.我们发现他很适合做这项工作。Many people found their rewards unfair.许多人觉得他们的回报不公平。S+V+Oi+Od（主谓间宾直宾）Gambling could bring us a dramatic increase in crime.Communicative service offers wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.练习：His uncle found him a well-paid job in Shanghai.他叔叔在上海给他找到一份薪水很高的工作。Doing morning exercises everyday does us a lot of good.每天晨练对我们大有好处。I’d like to leave you the books I’ve kept for so many years.我想把保留多年的书籍留给你。They allowed me