核电常规岛高加热器设计与研究.docx

核电常规岛高压加热器设计与研究摘要：核电常规岛高压加热器是核电站二回路中的关键设备之一。目前，国内核电高压加热器的设计主要借鉴国外设计图纸，缺乏自主技术。本文针对核电高压加热器自主创新设计，对高压加热器各个结构部件进行设计与强度校核，绘制了高压加热器设备总图和管系等图；在此基础上，将高压加热器分为三个串联换热器，联立方程组，探究气相、汽液两相、液相三种流体介质在换热管外传热系数，建立了传热设计计算的迭代法与过程；基于管外冷凝传热分析结果，提出了在管板布管区减少换热管数留出蒸汽通道、部分换热管设置引流翅片、MSR进口设置独立扩容室等结构优化方案，以提高加热器传热效率。关键词：核电站; 高压加热器；强度校核；热力计算；结构优化Design and Research of High-Pressure?Heater?of?theConventional Island?of?Nuclear PowerPlantMajor：Process Equipment and Control EngineeringStudent: Li Zhao Supervisor: Prof. Huang WeixingAbstract：High-pressure heater of the conventional island of nuclear power plant is akey equipment in nuclear power plant. At present, domestic enterprises did some independent research, but the structure is not compact enough. By designing and checking the strength of the various structural components of the high pressure heater; dividing high pressure heater into three series heat exchangers, forming equations, exploring the heat transfer coefficient of gas, vapor-liquid two-phase, liquid these three fluid medium in the heat exchange tubes rumor, using iterative method to find a set of heat transfer formula. Based on the results, reduced some heat transfer tubes to stay out of the steam channel, set the drainage fin on part of the heat exchange tubes, set independent expansion chamber on MSR imported, these structure optimization can improve the efficiency of heat transfer.Keywords: Nuclear power plant; High-pressure?heater; Design of structure; Thermal characteristics; Structural optimization1. 概述核电常规岛高压加热器是利用汽轮机抽汽加热进入核岛蒸汽发生器高压给水，提高核电厂热力循环效率，降低蒸汽发生器传热温差，保证机组安全运行的一种管壳式换热器[1]。目前，国内核电常规岛加热器设计主要基于火电高压加热器设计经验，核心技术是借鉴国外设计图纸，其结构紧凑性和换热效率不高。本文针对核电高压加热器自主创新设计，对设备结构和传热过程进行研究，完成了如下工作：（1）加热器结构与强度设计；（2）壳程气液两相流传热过程分析；（3）通过建立串联模型，提出了传热设计计算的迭代法与过程，为开发高效紧凑型换热设备提供支持；(4)基于过程强化的结构改进。图1 核电常规岛高压加热器2. 加热器结构与强度设计2.1 结构设计高加壳体采用全焊接结构，为检查壳体内部时可抽出壳体，故壳体上标有工地切割线，在切割线之下衬有不锈钢保护环，以免切割时损及管束。壳体与管板间的B类焊缝、支座垫板、包装预埋板与管板间焊缝及焊疤打磨面需要进行热处理。筒节布置一定的就地温度计接管、就地压力表接管、壳侧化学清洗接管。高加水室采用半球封头型，设有一使用螺柱螺母连接结构的人孔，通过人孔可进入水室，人