自考英语词汇学第二章_英语词汇的发展史.docxVIP

Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary第二章 英语词汇的发展史1. The Indo-European Language Family印欧语系的谱系关系 识记：印欧语系的各个分支和各个分支的主要语言 Armenian (亚美尼亚语) –existing till now Albanian （阿尔巴尼亚语） –existing till now Prussian 普鲁士语 Lithuanian 立陶宛语 Polish 波兰语Balto-Slavic(波罗的海语系) Czech 捷克语 Bulgarian 保加利亚语Eastern set: Slovenian 西洛文尼亚语 Russian 俄罗斯语 Persian 波斯语 Bengali 孟加拉语 Indo-Iranian 印度伊朗语系 Hindi 印地语 Romany 吉普赛语 Scottish 苏格兰语 Celtic 凯尔特语 Irish 爱尔兰语 Welsh 威尔士语 Breton法国布里多尼语 Portuguese 葡萄牙语 Spanish 西班牙语 Italic 意大利语系French 法语 Italian 意大利语 Rumanian 罗马尼亚语Western Set : Hellenic 希腊语 Greek 希腊语 Norwegian 挪威语 Icelandic 冰岛语 Danish 丹麦语 Germanic 日耳曼语 Swedish 瑞典语 German德语 Dutch 荷兰语 Flemish 弗兰德语 English 英语 2. A historical overview of English vocabulary英语发展的历史回顾考点：英语词汇发展的三个阶段：古英语词汇，中古英语词汇，现代英语词汇及其特点Inhabitants of the Island: Celts(Celtic) – Roman Legions(Latin，55) – German Tribes(Anglo-Saxon，410)-Norwegian and Danish Vikings (Scandinavian，900) – Norman（French, 1066）Old English 古英语 （450-1150）(Anglo-Saxon) Character: 1. Latin speaking Roman missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity at the end of the 6th century. The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on English vocabulary. (New Words: abbot男修道院长, candle, altar圣坛, amen, apostle使徒) 2. Didn’t borrow as heavily as later, they changed meaning of native words, the common practice was to create new words by combining two native words.（e.g. handbook）3. Many Scandinavian words came into the English language. Many of the words are alike or interchangeably.4. Old English has a vocabulary of 50000-60000 words, which was highly inflected. Nouns, Pronouns, Adj., verbs, Adv, had complex endings or vowel changes, differ greatly from what we use today. 内部高度曲折，有复杂的词尾原音变化。② Middle English （1150-1500）中古英语Character:English were defeated, reduced to the status of an inferior people like, French became the polite speech. English, Latin and French existing simultaneously