高中英语语法讲精练——非谓语动词.docxVIP

第8讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中阶段的重要语法项目，也是高考语法填空和短文改错的必考知识点。其考查的角度包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的常见用法以及非谓语动词的时态和语态。核心考点01 非谓语动词作宾语动词-ing形式和动词不定式可以作宾语。需要注意的是在有些动词后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时，意思差别不大；但是在有些动词后意思大相径庭；有些动词后只能接动词不定式，有些动词后只能接动词-ing形式。典例分析 (2016全国卷I)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【解析】句意：我的大使职责将包括介绍英国游客参观在成都的120多只熊猫和在薄雾笼罩的碧峰峡上的研究中心的其他熊猫。include“包含；包括”，后接动词作宾语时要用-ing形式。【答案】introducing状元提醒1. 下列动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：希望学会下决心，拒绝计划愿假装。想方设法提请求；同意选择想帮忙。即wish/hope/expect, learn, decide/determine; refuse, plan, care, pretend; want, manage, offer, beg/ask/demand; agree/promise, choose, want, help。另外，happen, fail, afford, wait, threaten等动词后也要用动词不定式作宾语。2. 有些动词或短语后只动词-ing形式作宾语。请牢记下面口诀： 建议考虑盼原谅，承认推迟靠设想。继续训练免错过，否认完成就欣赏。坚持反对去冒险，禁止介意准逃亡。即consider, advise/suggest, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, put off/delay, fancy(设想；想象)/imagine；keep on/keep, practice, avoid, miss；deny, finish, appreciate/enjoy; stick to, object to, risk; forbid, mind, permit/allow, escape。此外，下列短语和句型也要用动词-ing形式作宾语：be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand, give up, feel like, be busy (in), have difficulty (in), have a…time (in), spend…(in), How/What about…, There is no sense in…等。3. 有些动词或短语后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。 4. 在learn, decide, know, wonder, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out等词语后常用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。核心考点02 非谓语动词作宾补动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式都可以作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾补，其动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后(具有“将来”的意义)。常用在ask, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, request, order, warn, cause等动词后。动词-ing形式作宾补和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，强调动作在进行。常用在catch, feel, find, have, hear, keep, set, observe, see, watch等动词后。及物动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动意义或已完成意义。不及物动词的-ed形式用作宾语补足语时，与宾语没有逻辑上的动宾关系，只表示动作的完成或状态。典例分析 (2015陕西卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ___