国际劳工组织 金融危 机下的世界工资变动研究.pdfVIP

Global Wage Report UPDATE 2009 Introduction 1. The present report is an update of the Global Wages Report 2008/09 released in November 2008. The latter was the fi rst in a new series of reports to be published every two years to describe and analyse trends in a number of wage indicators, includ- ing average wages, wage inequality between men and women, differentials between high and low wages, the share of wages in GDP, and statutory or negotiated mini- mum wages. The report covered the years 1995-2007, which were characterised by a generally favourable economic context. Since then, the economic context has changed dramatically. In light of the global economic downturn, the Members of the ILO signed the Global Jobs Pact in June 2009, whereby they agreed to consider strengthening social dialogue, collective bargaining and statutory or negotiated minimum wages in order to avoid defl ationary wage spirals and to enhance social protection. While a comprehensive assessment will be provided in the next full Global Wage Report in 2010, the present update already provides some indications of wage trends up to the second quarter of 2009 in a number of countries around the world. I. The Economic Context 2. The global crisis: After several years of strong economic growth, the global economy went into recession in 2009 due to a housing and fi nancial crisis that started in the U.S. Triggered by a variety of causes, the crisis also highlighted two wage- related issues. 1 One is the global imbalance in the pre-crisis distribution of profi ts and wages. Increasing profi ts prior to the crisis have contributed to high levels of liquidity on fi nancial markets and low rates of i